The effects of electoral malpractices on nigeria democratic consolidation 199920 samuel iheanacho ebirim department of political science, obafemi awolowo university, ile. Acts of fraud affect vote counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Electoral malpractice can occur in all stages of the electoral cycle and affect electoral competition, representation and participation. The zimbabwe electoral commission is charged with the responsibilities in terms of the constitution and the electoral act inter alia to prepare for, conduct and supervise elections for president, parliament, chiefs, provincial. I wish to express my profound gratitude to god almighty for the. Many kinds of election fraud are outlawed in electoral.
Between 4 15 crores is allegedly spent by many candidates in lok sabha elections whereas the ec limit is rs 70 lakhs. Pdf electoral malpractices seem to be on the rise almost everywhere. Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election fraud, election manipulation or vote rigging, is illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of the favored candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Pdf on aug 22, 2016, yusuf ismaila and others published electoral malpractice and the challenges of democratic consolidation in nigerias fourth republic. Electoral malpractice electoral malpractice can be defined as an illegal interference with electoral process.
Prevents ballot manipulation, ballot stuffing and booth capturing. Malpractices definition of malpractices by the free. Data and all syntax files for replication will be available after. In the fourth republic of nigeria, electoral malpractice stems from a host of social factors inherent in the political system. Harvard university, center for european studies, 27 kirkland street, cambridge ma contact. Here are the major reported malpractices in elections in india. Media and attitudes about electoral malpractice center on the. Do perceptions of electoral malpractice undermine democratic. The new research agenda studying electoral integrity. It is worthy of note that this political and social vice has causes.
Electoral institutions such as oversight bodies and electoral rules, as well as the independence of the judiciary and media can ultimately be taken advantage of by willing perpetrators molina and. Request pdf electoral malpractice elections ought in theory to go a long way towards making democracy work, but in many contexts, they fail to embody. Guidance on preventing and detecting electoral malpractice. Measuring effective remedies for fraud and administrative. First order malpractices might include ballot stuffing, voter intimidation or electoral violence norris 20. Conclusion and recommendations 141 6 political parties 143 a. Types and effects of electoral malpractice in southeast. Scholars have attributed this problem of election credibility in nigeria to the weak institutionalization of the agencies of electoral administration, particularly the independent national electoral commission inec, the political parties and security agencies in the. Electoral malpractice and the challenges of democratic.
As birchs work shows, electoral malpractice can manifest through. Established democracies are commonly thought to be free from these more serious problems, but still be riddled with forms of malpractice in electoral. There is no single definition of electionrelated violence or a commonly accepted terminology on this topic. Latest and breaking news on electoral malpractices.
The historical origin of the notable electoral malpractice in nigeria began with the general elections held in 1964. Sometimes the criterion used, depends on the utility which the electoral system served. Electoral integrity, voter fraud and voter id in polling stations. Like many 1what we label partial democracies are sometimes called hybrid regimes, semidemocracies, and anocracies, among other terms.
The effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of. Existing research has established, via natural experiments in a variety of contexts, that electoral malpractices have material influence on election outcomes golden and tiwari 2009, acemoglu, robinson, and santos 2009, baland and robinson 2009. Performance, as by a physician or lawyer, that falls below the professional minimum standard of care or service for a patient or client, especially when legally actionable because an injury or loss has been suffered by the patient or client. Our research is related to work on electoral malpractices more generally. One of the most critical and salient features of any meaningful democracy accepted all over the world is the conduct of acceptable. Regrettably enough, electoral fraud and electoral malpractice are still things. Many countries share common colonial histories, and postcolonial trends have tended to come. But secondorder challenges of electoral integrity reflect universal problems which may damage the legitimacy of electoral contests in any country including in angloamerican democracies such as the united states, britain and canada. Both indulged in electoral malpractices to retain illgotten power and privilege. For the matter concerned, electoral malpractice is.
When you this, it is stated in the constitution that law must deal with you. The effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of democracy in nigeria uduma, d. Measuring effective remedies for fraud and administrative malpractice katherine ellena and chad vickery1 i. Ramakrishna mission institute, golpark, kolkata background note session.
They range from impersonation, leakage of questions, tampering with results, and computer fraud to fraudulent practices by invigilators. Explore electoral malpractices profile at times of india for photos, videos. Types and effects of electoral malpractice in southeast asia. Electoral systems provide different kinds of incentives to appeal to voters in order to yield electoral pay. Electoral malpractices electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Considering the spanish word for malpractice negligencia in english will mean negligence then, let us view malpractice as an act of deliberately neglecting the right thing and opting to do the wrong thing. Electoral malpractices in pakistan 167 provincial group fought against every other group.
The methodology employed in this research was the descriptive and the analytical as well as the case study method. The effects of electoral malpractices on nigeria democratic. Abstract this study examines the effect of electoral malpractices on the sustenance of democracy in nigeria. This paper therefore adopts a new approach to tackle the meqacc of distorted value system and electoral malpractices in nigeria. How to prevent and combat electoral fraud in cameroon. Electoral integrity, voter fraud and voter id in polling. An evaluation of the 2016 eu referendum, however, did find some problems with inappropriate campaigning at polling stations. Electoral malpractices and its concerns elections are viewed as a festival of democracy, considering the fact that they provide all citizens with the opportunity to. Cps files on allegations of electoral malpractice england and wales. Consequently the issue keeps reoccurring in every academic and informal discussion in nigeria. Regional consultation on electoral and political reforms eastern region date and venue. Pdf electoral malpractice and the challenges of democratic. Lessons from the history of established democracies workshop program location.
Regional consultation on electoral and political reforms. It was a ceaseless and ruthless struggle for power. Jul 04, 2015 the effects of electoral malpractices on nigeria democratic consolidation 199920 samuel iheanacho ebirim department of political science, obafemi awolowo university, ileife, nigeria p. What exactly constitutes electoral fraud varies from country to country. Causes of election malpractice crave for power poverty lack of political education bribery and corruption inadequate planning influence of the political party in power lack of stiff. Current literature on electoral malpractice typically highlights ballot rigging, vote count irregularities or illegal acts that occur on the polling day. Less is said about the manipulation of rules before election or their effects. What are the various malpractices that occur during the. In every examination, students develop new methods of perpetrating examination malpractices. The objective of electoral violence is to influence the electoral process and in extension its outcome. Poll worker motivations and the public administration of. The time aspect relates to violence carried out during the election period. How do these effect citizens trust in the political system.
Forms of electoral malpractice use of fake ballot papers underage voting thuggery and intimidation financial inducement fake manifestos. Just like other forms of electoral malpractice, such as tampering with the registration process, vote buying or electoral fraud, electoral violence aims to manipulate the electoral process birch. Doubts about the legitimacy of the 2016 us elections continue to reverberate and. Malpractices definition of malpractices by the free dictionary. Electoral malpractice sarah birch comparative politics. Electoral malpractices is the failing of all electoral institutions or bodies to carry out election in the proper or professional way it is supposed to be done. The study therefore critically examined the various forms of examination malpractices and the causes of examination malpractice in nigerian universities, using cross river university of technology as a case study and recommended possible ways of curbing the ugly trend. Election trends in africa stephanie burchard african experiences are instructive for understanding the how and why of electoral violence more broadly because of the many similarities and differences found across subsaharan africas 48 countries. Regardless of the maturity of democratic traditions and the strength of political.
Pdf download for do perceptions of electoral malpractice. Introduction electoral management bodies embs are mandated to direct some of the most complex operations undertaken by democratic societiesthe administration of elections. The electoral system under the constitution of kenya 2010 140 m. Explore electoral malpractices profile at times of india for photos, videos and latest news of electoral malpractices. Contains evidencebased proposals for improving electoral conduct. They are the location where most voters exercise their democratic rights, but also one place where electoral fraud. Introduction ubi jus, ibi remedium where there is a right, there must be a remedy2 the right to an effective remedy is well established in international law, and stems from. There is an ongoing debate over a single, universal definition of electoral integrity, but it can generally be defined as any election that is based on the democratic principles of universal suffrage and political equality as reflected in international standards and agreements, and is professional, impartial, and transparent in its preparation and administration. E storage of election documents, documents open to public inspection and documents requiring a court order.
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